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B ইউনিট || জাহাঙ্গীরনগর বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় || 2012

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English

Cities are managed by elected politicians and appointed officials or professionals. Often, there are basic contradictions between legitimate interests of the two groups. Because politicians are responsible to the electorate, they must have the means to carry out the policies they have promised to pursue. In particular, they must be able to hire and trust professionals who will implement there policies and to terminate them if need be. Professionals who work in municipal administration, on the other hand must enjoy a certain degree of independence as will as a large degree of tenure security. Otherwise, municipal administration will never be able to attract people with high caliber. There is no simple set of rules to solve this contradiction. More so the roles of professionals in city management vary from country to country.
Relationship between engineers and doctors
Relationship between politicians and appointed officials or professionals
Relationship between ministers
None of the above
Appointed officials of professionals
An engineer
Politicians
A & C
These will lose money
These will not be able to attract high caliber
The politicians will be compelled to resign from
A & B
Appointed officials or professionals
Non-professionals
Community groups
None of the above
Legitimate interests
Vested interests
None of the above
A & B

Dhaka city management (DCM) reform project was undertaken jointly by Bangladesh Center for Advanced Studies and Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee in collaboration with Asian Development Bank. It was aimed at clearing awareness and support among st stakeholders for management reforms in the city government of Dhaka. The project utilized a participatory approach by involving the — city administration, service providers, policy makers, citizens, community organizers and the media. A series ০f workshops were hosted by the Dhaka City Corporation to develop a broad action plan. Additionally, a survey of consumers of City services was undertaken to determine access to services, satisfaction,  levels and user charges. The final event included a three day workshop attended by, among st others, the mayors of Dhaka, Khulna, Chittagong, Rajshahi and Kolkata, The Participates presented a number of action plans
 regarding services delivery that were truly Innovative.
Bangladesh Center for Advanced Studies
Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committec
Asian Development Bank
All of the above
Manage reforms in the city government
Develop participatory approach
Party with city dwellers
None of the above
Access to services
Satisfaction levels
Size of the city
User charges
A three day seminar
A three day workshop
A three day training session
None of the above

The concept of city management is perceived differently according to the background and experience of the observer. One common element however, is the importance of the political arena in the management of chilies. Beyond this common element, interpretations of city management vary considerably To some the concept is seen as public management. To’ others, it means growth management, organization management and so on. However, the key concern is coordination. In a large city there are a number of factors, dimensions, concerns, parties, institutions and interests-each of which has to be coordinated in proper direction.
Observer’s background
Observer’s experience
City management
All of the above
Background
Experience
a and b
none of the above
As a common element
As a crucial element
As a general element
As an element of less importance
. Growth management
Organization management
Public management
All of the above
City management
Importance of political arena
Parties
None of the above
Coordination
Cooperation
A&B
None of the above

Managing a mega city is a very difficult task, mostly because of the conflicting interests among the various political Organizations, pressure groups and sect oral priorities in the organization itself. Besides, most city organizations have large staff. Therefore, the personnel management of the organization is crucial to the success of the professional managers in city management. How ever, the best persons are not always recruited for managing a city’s affairs. Employees are often recruited because of their loyalty to various political and pressure groups This makes the organization suffer and the civic services deteriorate, Here remains the importance of professional city management, They can motivate the workers with their care and delicate handing, improve the technical skills through training and application of modern technology in day- to day functions,  
Importance of professional city managers in improving day-to-day functions of mega citric
Importance of doctors in Improving day-to-day functions of mega cities
Importance of police force in improving day-to- day functions of mega cities
Importance of engineers in improving day-to-day functions of mega cities
The various political organizations
The various pressure groups
The various sect oral priorities
All of the above